The Role of Science in Society and Policy
University of Bath: Anna Gilmore (Co-PI), David Miller
University of Bristol: Stephan Lewandowsky (PI)
Cardiff University: Lorraine Whitmarsh
University of Exeter: Jason Reifler
Background
Science infused every fibre of contemporary life, from medical treatments to large-scale risk management of climate change. However, the importance of science stands in contrast to some concerning mega-trends: trust in science, government and universities is declining. One some important issues, segments of the public reject overwhelming scientific evidence (eg vaccine safety). On other issues such as climate change, the public is largely convinced but policy change is slow. When the public is sceptical of the best available science, or policy makers resist action, how should scientists respond?
While the public rightly expects its views to be heard, should its influence be limited when it comes to science? In some cases, such as climate change, a scientific consensus may threaten vested interests of challenge people’s worldviews, and as a consequence critique may turn into harassment. How can scientists respond? How can science be protected from vested interests (eg tobacco) yet at the same time enter into constructive dialogue with, and learn from, stakeholders?
To maximize health and wellbeing, to manage climate change, and to retain society’s democratic rights and innovative potential therefore requires a thorough examination of those issues, and the development of techniques to engage with (often sceptical) audiences.
Project Summary
The community used the funds to hold a two-day meeting of GW4 researchers to create an interdisciplinary team. This meeting identified a number of endogenous and exogenous threats to the cultural authority of science, and outlined options for pursuing a research agenda in this area.
The community performed a literature review exploring how vested interests seek to influence the conduct, interpretation and use of science; and how science can be protected from these vested interests. They also carried out pilot work demonstrating the feasibility of obtaining key data on the funding of think tanks from annual reports of no-profit organisations and charities in the UK and US. The literature review and pilot work were used in applications for further funding.
